Design Features. Kia Spectra (2004 release)

Engines are installed on cars KIA Spectra, equipped with electronic engine management with fuel injection. This system ensures that the current standards for toxic emissions and fuel evaporation while maintaining good ride quality and low fuel consumption. In automobiles mounted engine control feedback (the presence of the catalyst and exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor).

Managing devices in the system is an electronic control unit (ECU). On the basis of information received from the sensors, the computer calculates the fuel injection control and ignition timing control. In addition, in accordance with the incorporated algorithm ECU controls the operation of the motor cooling fan motor, electromagnetic clutch of the compressor air conditioner performs a self-diagnosis function elements of the system and alert the driver of any fault.

The engine management system, along with an electronic control unit includes sensors, actuators, connectors and fuses.

The electronic control unit (ECU) connected by electrical wires to all of the sensors. Receiving from them the information unit performs calculations in accordance with the parameters of the control algorithm and stored in the memory of the programmable read-only memory (ROM), and controls the actuators of the system. Alternative programs recorded in the ROM memory, designated number assigned to this modification of the computer.

The control unit detects a fault, identifies and stores the code, even if the refusal is unstable and disappears.

The unit is powered by direct current voltage of 5 and 12 in the various sensors and switches control system. Since the electrical resistance of a circuit is high, the test lamp connected to a system, does not light up. To determine the voltage across the terminals of the ECU should be used voltmeter with high impedance (10 MW). The control unit is located inside the vehicle. The computer is not suitable for repairs in the event of a failure should be replaced.

TDC sensor and the engine speed of the inductive type is designed to measure speed and position of the crankshaft.

The sensor is installed in the rear of the engine in front of the master ring on the flywheel of the engine. Crown is a gear with cavities. Two teeth are cut to a pulse synchronization ("reference" pulse), which is required to coordinate the work of the control unit with the TDC of the pistons in the 1st and 4th cylinders.

When you rotate the crankshaft teeth alter the magnetic field sensor, inducing voltage pulses of alternating current. The control unit of the sensor signals determines the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft and sends pulses to the injectors.

Camshaft position sensor (encoder phase) determines the TDC of the compression stroke of the piston of 1st cylinder. The sensor signal is used by the computer to organize a phased fuel injection in accordance with the working cylinder. When a fault circuit ECU enters into its memory the code and warning lamp.

The throttle position sensor installed on the side of the throttle unit and is connected to the throttle valve axis.

The sensor is a potentiometer one end of which is supplied "+" voltage supply, the other end is connected to the "weight".

When the throttle is rotated (on the impact on the foot pedal), change the output voltage of the sensor. When the throttle is closed it is minimal. When the shutter opens, the voltage at the output of the sensor increases at full throttle it reaches a maximum value.

Tracking the sensor output voltage, the controller adjusts the fuel flow depending on the throttle opening (i.e., driver's demand).

Throttle position sensor requires no adjustment as the control unit receives the idle speed (ie the complete closure of the throttle) as the zero point.

An absolute pressure sensor in the intake manifold (receiver) is designed as a variable resistor responsive to changes in pressure. It detects the change in pressure in the inlet conduit depending upon changes in load and engine speed and converts it into a voltage output signal. ECU supplies the voltage sensor 5 and processes the signals on the signal circuit. The sensor is connected to the "weight" via a variable resistor. Depending on the sensor signal changes the duration of ECU fuel supply and ignition timing.

Intake air temperature sensor built into the gauge of absolute pressure in the inlet pipeline (the receiver) is a thermistor type sensor that measures the temperature of the air entering into the receiver. Depending on the information about the temperature of intake air obtained from a sensor, the controller adjusts the fuel injection amount.

The coolant temperature sensor is installed in the engine cooling system. Sensing element is a thermistor, its electrical resistance varies inversely with temperature.

The electronic unit feeds the sensor circuit liquid temperature constant reference voltage. The voltage sensor as possible the engine is cold, and decreases as it is warm. As the value of voltage electronic control unit detects the temperature of the engine and allows it in the calculation of the adjustment parameters of injection and ignition.

Knock sensor attached to the cylinder block between the second and third cylinders, detects abnormal vibration (detonation shock) in the engine.

The sensor element is pezokristallicheskaya plate. In the event of detonation sensor output voltage pulses are generated, which increases with the intensity of the detonation shock. ECU signal sensor adjusts ignition timing to eliminate outbreaks of detonation fuel.

The gauge of concentration of oxygen (lambda probe) is screwed into the threaded hole of the front exhaust pipe. The metal flask sensor is a galvanic cell, washed by the flow of exhaust gases. Depending on the oxygen content in exhaust gases from the combustion of air-fuel ratio sensor varies the signal voltage.

Information from the oxygen concentration sensor is supplied to an electronic control unit in the form of signals of low and high level. At low signal level control unit receives information on the high oxygen content and therefore on a lean mixture. A high level signal indicating a low oxygen content in the exhaust gases and therefore of pereobogaschenie mixture.

Continuously monitoring the voltage sensor signal, the control unit corrects the amount of injected fuel injectors. At a low level sensor (lean air-fuel mixture) fuel flow is increased at a high level signal (rich mixture) - decreases.

Vehicle speed sensor is mounted on the gearbox. The operating principle of the sensor is based on the Hall effect. The sensor outputs to the electronic control unit rectangular voltage pulses with a frequency proportional to the rotational speed of the drive wheels.

Diagnostic connector is used to output from the computer memory fault codes identified in the engine management system.

Diagnostic connector mounted on the housing of the air filter. The diagnostic socket, you can connect a scanning device that reads the error information from the computer memory.