printable version

Troubleshooting

This section provides the most simple scheme of finding the causes of malfunctions and failures occurring in knots and systems of the vehicle. Faults and their possible causes are divided into groups on the basis of the relationship to certain components or systems of a vehicle, such as the engine, cooling system, and so on. N., In addition, the text provides links to chapters and sections that are relevant to these issues.

Keep in mind that the successful completion of the search to solve this problem is not a black magic accessible only experienced professional engineers, and is determined by a combination of specific knowledge and a patient, systematic approach to the problem. Always move from simple to complex, to bring each check to the logic end and try not to miss the obvious fact - anyone can forget to fill fuel in the fuel tank or to leave for the night included lighting.

Finally, you should always try to make a clear picture of the problem and take appropriate steps to prevent recurrence. If an electrical failure occurred due to violation of the quality of contact, at the same time check the status of all other contacts, and the electrical connectors of the system. If the same fuse repeatedly continues to blow, there is no sense in its further replacement - it is necessary to try to determine the cause of failure. Keep in mind that failure of a minor component can be a sign of malfunction of a critical node or an entire system.

Engine

The engine does not turn when you try to run

1. There is a corroded battery terminals or loose mounting on them of tips of wires. Check the condition of the terminals and lugs. Tighten the screw terminals if necessary, remove traces of corrosion.
2. Discharged or faulty battery. If tips of wires are found pure and reliably fixed to the battery terminal, turn the ignition switch to ON, then turn on the headlights and / or windscreen wipers. If the electrical equipment does not work, the battery is low.
3. Transmission poorly set to "P" (AT) or neutral (Manual), or not fully depressed clutch.
4. Torn off in the circuit wiring system start-up or the wires are loose at the terminals. Check the condition of the wires, connectors and electrical connectors battery, pulling the starter relay and the ignition switch.
5. Gear starter jammed in the flywheel. On models equipped with Manual transmission, set to transmission and knock the car manually, turn thus its engine. At the first opportunity, remove the starter and check pinion and the flywheel.
6. Faulty starter magnetic switch (Head System of an electric motor).
7. Faulty starter (Head of System of an electric motor).
8. Faulty ignition switch.

Engine cranks but does not start

1. Empty fuel tank.
2. There is a fault in the fuel injection system (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust).
3. The battery is low (the engine is turned too slowly). Check the operation of electrical equipment (see. Section Engine does not turn when trying to run it).
4. Skorrodirovali battery terminal connections or loose their attachment (see. Section Engine does not turn when trying to run it).
5. Faulty fuel pump (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).
6. Damaged or excessively humidified ignition system components (Head System of an electric motor).
7. Worn or faulty spark plug or wrong exhibited candle backlash (Head System of an electric motor).
8. Torn off or disconnected electric circuit wiring system start-up or the wires are loose at the terminals (see. Section Engine does not turn when trying to run it).
9. Broken or disconnected wiring circuit or the ignition coil is loose wire on the terminals of the coil (Head of System of an electric motor).

The starter operates without cranking the engine

1. Conjuring starter pinion. Remove the starter (Head System of an electric motor) and check its condition.
2. Worn or damaged gear teeth of the starter or flywheel.

Difficult to cold start

1. Discharged or insufficiently charged battery (see. Section Engine does not turn when trying to run it).
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).

Difficult to start a hot engine

1. Blocked air filter (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust).
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Fuel injectors reaches the injection system (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).

The engagement of the starter is too noisy or with difficulty

1. Worn or damaged gear teeth of the starter or flywheel.
2. Lost starter bolts or weakened the force of tightening.

Engine starts, but immediately stalls

1. Faulty wiring or loose mounting of the terminals of the distributor, coil or generator.
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. There are losses through the vacuum sealing surface of the inlet pipe or the fuel injection unit. Make sure the tightness of mounting bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Check the condition of hoses and correctness of their connection (that their nipples).

Violate the stability of the engine at idle

1. We have the loss of vacuum. Make sure the tightness of mounting bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Listen to the running engine with a stethoscope or a segment of the fuel hose. Have a hissing sound will allow to reveal the source of the "leak" of the vacuum. No less efficiently you can use to check for a solution of soapy water.
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Blocked valve system controlled crankcase ventilation (Chapter Engine).
4. Blocked air filter (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust).
5. The fuel pump does not supply sufficient fuel to the injectors injection system (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).
6. Have the leak through the cylinder head gasket. Measure the compression pressure in the cylinders of the engine.
7. Worn cam lobe camshaft (Head of Engine).

There have been a misfire when the engine is idling

1. Fouled or defective spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Head System of an electric motor).
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Defective spark plug wires (Head System of an electric motor).
4. We have the loss of vacuum in the intake pipe or the hose connections (Section undesirable operating the engine at idle).
5. Insufficient or unevenly distributed compression pressure in the cylinders. Measure the compression (Chapter Engine).

There have been misfiring when the vehicle is in gear

1. Blocked fuel filter, or there is contamination of food (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).
2. Defective or contaminated spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Head System of an electric motor).
3. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
4. There is a defective spark plug wire (Head System of an electric motor).
5. Defective components reduce emissions.
6. Insufficient or unevenly distributed between the cylinder compression pressure. Remove the spark plug and make a measurement of the compression pressure (Chapter Engine).
7. Faulty ignition system (Head System of an electric motor).
8. There have been losses of vacuum on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through vacuum hoses (Section undesirable operating the engine at idle).

Engine stalls

1. Disturbed adjust the idle speed.
2. Blocked fuel filter and / or the power supply system is wet or dirty (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust).
3. There is a refusal to supply components or sensors (head power supply system and exhaust).
4. Defective components reduce emissions.
5. Defective or contaminated spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Head Current leaving and service). Also check the condition of candle wires (Head of System of an electric motor).
6. There have been losses of vacuum on the throttle or through vacuum hoses (Section undesirable operating the engine at idle).

Engine does not develop full power

1. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
2. Excessive backlash distributor shaft. At the same time check the condition of the slider, the cover, wires and so on. N. (Head of System of an electric motor).
3. Clogged air cleaner. Clean or replace.
4. Defective spark plug or wrong exhibited candle backlash (Head Current leaving and service).
5. Faulty ignition coil (Head of System of an electric motor).
6. It does not meet the level of liquid AT (Head Automatic transmission ).
7. To slip clutch (Head Coupling and power shafts).
8. Blocked fuel filter and / or power system hit the dirt / moisture (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust).
9. It refueled the wrong sort. Fill the fuel tank with the required octane.
10. Insufficient or uneven compression pressure in the cylinders. Measure the compression, analysis of the results of which reveals the presence of leaks of valves and / or infringement of tightness of the cylinder head gasket (Head of Engine).

Claps occur in the carburettor / shots in the exhaust system

1. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
2. There is a defect in the secondary circuit of the ignition system (destruction of insulators of spark plugs or defects of candle wires) (Head of System of an electric motor).
3. It needs adjusting the fuel injection system or its components excessively worn (Head of the Power supply system and exhaust ).
4. There have been losses of vacuum on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through vacuum hoses (Section undesirable operating the engine at idle).
5. Jammed valves (Head of Engine).
6. Out of order connection of candle wires (Head of System of an electric motor).

At movement with acceleration or uphill there are detonation sounds mixture

1. It refueled the wrong sort. Fill the fuel tank with the required octane.
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Installed spark plugs are not the type. Check out the candles and wires for damage (Chapter electrical system of the engine).
4. There have been losses dilution (Section undesirable operating the engine at idle).

There is a glow ignition (the engine continues to run after the ignition is switched off)

1. An excessively high idle (Chapter Engine).
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Excessive operating temperature of the engine. Possible causes of the violation may be reducing cooling (Head of System of cooling and heating), failure of the thermostat, radiator blockage or malfunction of the water pump (Head of System of cooling and heating).

Electric Motor

Battery is not "holding" charge

1. Worn or broken drive belt, broken or adjustment of its tension (Head System of an electric motor).
2. Insufficient level of the electrolyte or deeply discharged battery (Head System of an electric motor).
3. There is a corroded battery terminals or loose mounting on them of tips of wires (Head of System of an electric motor).
4. The generator does not provide the required charging current (Head System of an electric motor).
5. Torn off or otherwise damaged wiring or the charging circuit is loose wire on the terminals (Chapter electrical system of the engine).
6. Short-circuiting the wiring poses a constant leakage current generated by the battery weight (see chap. Electrical system motor Explanatory Notes to the connection diagrams).
7. There is an internal defect in the batteries.

The warning lamp does not go off the ignition

1. There is a fault or generator charging circuit (Head System of an electric motor).
2. Damaged or worn generator drive belt is broken or adjustment of its tension (Head System of an electric motor).

The warning lamp does not illuminate when the ignition key turn the ignition switch to "ON" (when the ignition)

1. It burned or otherwise out of service warning lamp on the instrument panel (Head the Onboard electric equipment ).
2. Faulty Generator (Head System of an electric motor).
3. There is a defect in the printed circuit board, wiring inside the instrument cluster or lamp socket (Head the Onboard electric equipment).

Power system

Excessive fuel consumption

1. Dirty or blocked air filter element (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).
2. There is a system component failure or electrical power (the Head of the Power supply system and exhaust system and electrical system of the engine).
3. Insufficient tire pressure or tire fitted the wrong size.

There have been a fuel leak, and / or there is a smell of gasoline

1. There is a leak in the fuel supply lines and ventilation lines (head of Power Systems and exhaust).
2. Overflowing fuel tank. Refuel only until automatic shut-off gun.
3. Have the leak fumes of lines of supply (Chapter power supply system and exhaust).

Cooling system

Overheat

1. Insufficient refrigerant in the system (Head of System of cooling and heating).
2. Worn or damaged water pump drive belt is broken or adjustment of its tension (Head of Engine).
3. Blocked internal channels of a radiator or contaminated (blocked) grille (Head of System of cooling and heating).
4. Faulty thermostat (Head of System of cooling and heating).
5. Broken or cracked fan blades (Head of System of cooling and heating).
6. Do not keep the pressure radiator cap. Inspect the pressure cap (refer to the service station).

Hypothermia

1. Faulty thermostat (Head of System of cooling and heating).
2. Inaccurate temperature meter.

External coolant leak

1. Damaged or destroyed as a result of the aging of the material, or hoses are loose on their unions. Replace the hoses and / or tighten collars of their fastening (Head of System of cooling and heating).
2. Spoiled water pump seals. In this case, the cooler will trickle through the inspection hole in the pump housing (Chapter Cooling and heating systems).
3. There have been leaks of internal channels of a radiator or the side of the tank (s). Requires professional repair the radiator (see the description of the procedure for the withdrawal. Chapter Cooling and heating systems).
4. There have been leaking through the drain plug Engine (head engine) or cork clutch release water galleries (Head of System of cooling and heating).

Internal coolant leaks

Internal coolant leaks are usually detected by checking the state of the motor oil. Inspect the blade of the probe and the inner surface of the cover (covers) of cylinders on presence of traces of water and foaming oil.

1. Have the leak through the cylinder head gasket. Inspect the cooling system pressure.
2. There are cracks on the cylinder walls or in the casting head. To check disassemble the engine (Chapter Engine).

Is a loss of coolant

1. The system fueled too much cooler (Head of System of cooling and heating).
2. The cooler boils due to overheating of the engine (see. Section holds surface ignition (the engine continues to run after the ignition is switched off)).
3. There have been internal or external coolant leaks (see. Categories External coolant leakage and internal leakage of the coolant).
4. Defective radiator cap. Check the pressure cap.

Disturbed circulation cooler

1. Do not functioning properly the water pump. The easiest way to ensure the functioning of the pump, pinching the upper radiator hose when running the engine at idle. If the hose is released, there is a push liquid inside the pump is functioning properly (Head of System of cooling and heating).
2. Broken patency of the cooling system. Drain the coolant, flush the system and fill it with fresh mixture (Head of System of cooling and heating). If the need arises, remove a radiator (Head of System of cooling and heating) and spend it obratnopotochnuyu washing.
3. Worn or damaged water pump drive belt is broken or adjustment of its tension (Head of Engine).
4. Conjuring thermostat (Head of System of cooling and heating).

Clutch

Clutch does not switch off (lever Manual transmission can not be translated freely in the reverse gear position and back when depressed the clutch pedal to the floor)

Bent or damaged clutch disc (Head Coupling and power shafts).

Coupling revolves (engine speed increase without an increase in vehicle speed)

1. The disc clutch is contaminated with oil or wiped its friction linings. Remove coupling (Head Coupling and power shafts) and check the condition of its components.
2. Not run-coupling disk properly. For the final break-in of the new drive may take 30 to 40 normal start of the vehicle.
3. Worn pressure plate / clutch basket (Head Coupling and power shafts).

When the clutch is engaged, a strong vibration

1. Zamaslen clutch disc. Remove coupling (Head Coupling and power shafts) and check the condition of its components. Correct any leak detected.
2. Worn clutch disc splined hub (clutch). Remove coupling (Head Coupling and power shafts) and check the condition of its components.
3. Bend the pressure plate / clutch basket or a flywheel. Remove coupling (Head Coupling and power shafts) and check the condition of its components and the flywheel.

Squeal or roar arise at full inclusion of coupling (the pedal is released)

Conjuring the clutch release bearing. Remove coupling (Head Coupling and power shafts) and check the condition of the bearing. Remove all burrs and burrs, and lubricate the bearings before replacing.

Squeal or roar arise at full you turn off the clutch (pedal depressed)

1. Worn or broken release bearing (Head Coupling and power shafts).
2. Worn or damaged springs (or the petals of the diaphragm) pressure plate clutch basket (Head Coupling and power shafts).

The clutch pedal is depressed to the floor after it is released,

1. Conjuring thrust or thrust bearing. Check the condition of thrust, if necessary, remove the coupling components.
2. Make sure that you have installed the correct type of stress of a pedal.

Manual box of a gear change (Manual transmission)

When installed on the neutral PPC while the engine noises occur

1. Worn input shaft bearing.
2. Damaged bearing pinion driven shaft.
3. Worn bearings of the intermediate shaft.
4. Worn or damaged washer adjust the axial play of the intermediate shaft.

Extraneous noise take place in any position Manual transmission

1. Any of the above reasons and / or:
2. The PPC filled insufficient transmission oil (down its level).

, Noises occur on any specific transfer

1. Worn, damaged or chipped teeth of the gears of the transmission.
2. Worn or damaged synchronizer of the program.

There is a "jump off" transmission with higher transmission

1. Is loose boxes on the clutch housing.
2. Between the boat and engine box hit the dirt box or shifted with respect to the engine.

When changing gear there are complications

1. Not fully depressed (off) clutch.
2. Damaged pull switch, mount it weakened or broken adjustment. Perform a thorough inspection of the components, if necessary, replace defective.

Have the transmission oil leak

1. The PPC fueled an excessive amount of gear oil. If necessary, drain the excess.
2. They need to replace the oil seal speedometer drive gear.

Automatic transmission (AT)

Given the complexity of the design AT full diagnostics of its malfunctions and repair of components available qualification of the average mechanic-fan. If you have any non-functioning of the following problems AT car should be driven away for inspection and repair workshop Car dealer branch or company.

Common problems associated with the operation of the switching mechanism

1. Among the failures related to the violation of traction control switch include the following:
   • Starting the engine is possible with the provisions of transmission other than "P" (Park) and "N" (Neutral).
   • Indicator of position of transmission differ from really chosen transfer.
   • The car moves at the transmission established in position "P".
2. Make adjustment of draft of a gear change (Chapter Manual transmission, differential and the main transfer).

Transmission revolves, is switched with difficulty, it emits strange noises or does not provide the vehicle when you install one of the forward or reverse gear

There are many possible causes of the problems listed in the title, but under the competence of the mechanic-fan gets only one of them - an incorrect transmission fluid level.

Before you drive off the car in the car service shop check the level and condition of transmission fluid (Head Automatic transmission). Correct level in accordance with the Specification or change the liquid together with the filter. If the situation is not corrected, seek professional help.

Have the transmission fluid leak

1. Liquid AT has a deep red color. Traces of its leaks should not be confused with signs of motor oil which can be demolished in the transmission housing ram air.
2. To identify and locate the source of the leak first remove the transmission from a boat all traces of dirt and grease. Use appropriate surface cleaner and / or make a steam cleaning. Then, take a short trip by car at low speed (to traces of leaks not communicated running stream far from its source). Stop Poddomkratte car and by visual inspection, set the source of the leak. More often than not, as such, are:

• Sump Transmission: Tighten the fixing bolts and / or replace a lining of the pallet.
• Tube Bay liquid: Replace rubber seal at the site of entry of the tube into the sump of the transmission.
• Line Transmission Fluid: Pull couplings or replace the line.
• The ventilation tube: Transmission is full and / or it is exposed to water.
• Connecting the speedometer: Replace O-ring in place of the input cable of a drive of a speedometer in the transmission housing.

Bridges

Background noise

1. Normal traffic noise. Adjustments can not be.
2. Tire noise. Check the condition of protectors and pressure of a rating of tires.
3. Worn or damaged bearings rear wheels, or diminished the force of tightening.

Vibrations

Check the condition of the bearings of the rear wheels, in turn poddomkrachivaya corresponding corner of the vehicle and turning the wheel by hand. Listen thus to sounds coming from the bearing. Remove bearings and check their condition.

Oil leaks

Damaged seals driveshafts (Head Coupling and power shafts).

brake system

Before coming to a final conclusion that there is a problem with the brake system, make sure the tires are in good condition and inflated to the required pressure is not broken alignment of the front wheels and the vehicle is not loaded unevenly.

Vehicle braking "leads" to one side

1. Damaged or contaminated with oil pad / brake shoes from one of the sides of the car. Check the condition of pads / shoes (Head Brake system).
2. There is an excessive wear of the friction material lining pad / brake shoes from one of the sides of the vehicle (Chapter Brake System).
3. There was a loose or disconnected suspension components. Check the condition of support components, tighten with demanded effort fixing (Head Current leaving and service).
4. Faulty assembly drum / caliper of a brake. Remove the drum or caliper and check it for signs of jamming of the piston or other damage (Chapter Brake System).
5. Unevenly smeared slides caliper caliper front disc brake. Remove the caliper and grease the slides (Head Brake system).

There have been other sounds (high frequency squeal) during braking,

1. Worn pads disk brake mechanisms. Immediately replace the pads (both mechanisms) (Head Brake system). If the lining pad is completely wiped out, you should also check the condition of the brake discs (Head Brake system).
2. Friction pads are dirty or zamasleny. Replace pads / shoes.
3. Pads installed the wrong type. Make replacement.

Excessive stroke of the brake pedal

1. There is a partial failure of the braking system. Check the entire system (Chapter Brake System), make the necessary corrections.
2. Insufficient level of brake fluid in the master cylinder. Check the level (Chapter Brake System), if necessary, make a top up and bleed the system (Chapter Brake System).
3. Broken rear brake adjustment. Make a series of braking when the vehicle is reversing. If this does not solve the problem, remove the drums, and check the mechanisms of self-regulation (Chapter Brake System).

When squeezing the brake pedal there is a feeling of softness stroke

1. The hydraulic system is air. Bleed the brakes (Head Brake system).
2. Defective flexible brake hoses. Check the condition of all hoses and lines system. If necessary, replace components.
3. Weakened fixing the brake master cylinder.
4. Faulty master cylinder (Head Brake system).

For braking the vehicle must be applied excessive force to the pedal

1. Faulty functioning brake servo (Chapter Brake System).
2. Excessively worn shoes / pads brake shoes. Check, if necessary, replace (Chapter Brake System).
3. One or more pistons calipers and wheel cylinders wedged. Check to make the necessary correction (Chapter Brake System).
4. Friction lining pads / shoes contaminated with oil, grease or brake fluid. Check in case of need make replacement (Chapter Brake System).
5. Established and has not yet run-in new pads / shoes. For their burnishing disks / drums it takes some time.

Recessed pedal to the floor with minimal resistance

1. As a result, leakage of the wheel cylinder (s), the caliper piston (s), looseness, disconnection or damage to brake lines and so on. F. Violations fell over the fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir. Check the entire system, make any necessary corrections.
2. Worn seals the master cylinder (Head Brake system).

We have the pulsation of the brake pedal when braking,

1. Caliper does not move properly due to improper installation or the presence of obstacles. Remove and make a check (Head Brake system).
2. Faulty disk or drum. Remove (Chapter Brake System) and check for excessive lateral runout, and the appearance of roundness and flatness. Make the groove disc or drum or replace them with new ones.

Suspension and steering

The car takes the motion to one side

1. Unevenly inflated tires.
2. There is a tire defect.
3. Excessively worn suspension components, or steering (Head Current leaving and service).
4. Requires alignment of the front wheels.
5. Prihvachen front brakes (Head Brake system).

There are jerks, twitches or vibration

1. Broken wheel balancing or appeared oval disk. Make balancing in the tire shop.
2. Worn bearings rear wheels, weakened the force of their tightening or adjustment is broken (Chapter Suspension and steering).
3. Worn or damaged shock absorbers and other suspension components (Chapter Suspension and steering).

There is an excessive swinging of the car or "burying" of his nose to the corners or when braking

1. Defective shock absorbers. Replace the whole set (Head Suspension and steering).
2. Broken or loose springs and / or other suspension components. Inspect condition of components (Chapter Suspension and steering).

Too tight turns the steering wheel

1. Excessive down the liquid level in the tank hydrostrengthening steering system (Head Suspension and steering).
2. Improperly inflated tires.
3. Inadequate lubrication of joints steering (Head Suspension and steering).
4. Broken alignment of the front wheels.
5. Power does not reach the required power (see. Section There is excessive wear protectors (not in one any area)).

There is excessive backlash steering

1. Relent tightening the front wheel bearings (Chapter Suspension and steering).
2. Excessive nosheny of suspension components, or steering (Head Suspension and steering).

Hydrostrengthening steering system does not develop due effort

1. Worn or damaged power steering pump drive belt is broken or adjustment of its tension (Head Suspension and steering).
2. Excessive fell hydraulic fluid level (Head Suspension and steering).
3. Broken permeability hoses or hydraulic lines. Check in case of need make replacement.
4. The hydraulic system is air. Bleed the system (Head Suspension and steering).

There is excessive wear protectors (not in one any area)

1. Improperly inflated tires.
2. Broken wheel balancing. Contact fitting center
3. Damaged wheels. Check, if necessary, replace.
4. Excessively worn suspension components, or steering (Head Suspension and steering).

There is excessive tread wear on the outside edge

1. Improperly inflated tires.
2. Too sharp turns are made. Slow down.
3. Broken adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels (excessive convergence). Refer to the workshop for professional adjustment.
4. Bent or twisted wishbone (Head Suspension and steering).

There is excessive tread wear on the inner edge

1. Improperly inflated tires.
2. Broken adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels (divergence). Make adjustments in the workshop of car-care center.
3. Damaged steering components or weakening their attachment (Head Suspension and steering).

There is a local tire wear

1. Broken wheel balancing.
2. Damaged or bent wheels. Check, if necessary, replace.
3. There is a tire defect.