Design Features

Possible engine malfunction, their causes and remedies

On cars Chevrolet / Daewoo Lanos transversely mounted four-cylinder four-located petrol engine modes. 1,5 L (SOHC) working volume of 1.5 liter, in-line vertical arrangement of cylinders and liquid cooling. The overall design of the engine is shown in Fig. 5.1, and individual parts and assemblies - on Fig. 5.2.

Engine power 63 kW (86 hp) with top of pyatiopornogo camshaft has two valves per cylinder. The camshaft is rotated by a reinforced toothed belt, the valve clearance eliminated hydrojacks connected TV with lubrication system.

The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy on the transverse scavenging circuit (inlet and outlet channels are located on opposite sides of the head). The head of the block pressed seat and valve guides. Inlet and outlet valves have one spring, through a fixed plate with two biscuits. The valves are driven by the camshaft via levers, one arm resting on the screwed into the cylinder head lifters and the other - to set the upper ends of the valve guides.

The cylinder block is a single casting, the cylinder, the cooling jacket, the upper part of the crankcase, and five crankshaft bearings formed in the form of baffles crankcase. The unit is made of special high-strength cast iron cylinder bore directly in the body of the unit. Main bearing caps treated with the block assembly, interchangeable. In the cylinder block made special flushing, flanges and holes for fastening parts, components and assemblies, as well as the channels of the main oil pipeline.

The crankshaft, forge special steel, it rotates in the main bearings with thin-walled steel inserts with an anti-friction layer of aluminum-tin alloy. The axial movement of the crankshaft is limited by special flanges formed on the average radical neck and rests on the shoulders of the increased thickness of the middle main bearing inserts.

The pistons are made of aluminum alloy. To reduce the pressure of the piston on the cylinder wall during the stroke axis of the piston pin hole is offset by 0.7 mm from the axis of symmetry of the piston to the right. On the cylindrical surface of the piston head are made annular grooves for the two compression rings and one oil scraper, the latter consists of three sections.

Piston fingers installed in piston lugs with a gap and pressed with an interference fit in the little end. His bottom head of a rod connected to the crank pins through a thin-walled shells, the construction of which is similar to the root.

Connecting rods Steel forged, the rod of I-section.

Lubrication system combined (see. "Lubrication System").

Crankcase ventilation system is not gated communicates directly with the atmosphere, so simultaneously with suction of gases and vapors formed in the crankcase of gasoline vacuum at all operating conditions of the engine, which increases the reliability of the various motor seals and reduces the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere. The ventilation system comprises a valve mounted in the cylinder head cover, a large branch of the hose connecting the cavity under the head cover with the air supply sleeve, the hose and small branches connecting the ventilation system with the intake pipe.

Under the influence of the vacuum in the intake pipe crankcase gases through the channel in the cylinder block of the engine and a ventilating hose are sucked into the cavity under the cover of the cylinder head where the valve and hose large branches enter the air supply hose, where it is mixed with the feed to the engine with air, and then through the throttle node - in the intake pipe of the engine. The resulting gas mixture together with the fuel supplied to the engine and combusted there.

In some cases, such as heavy wear of the cylinder group or prolonged engine operation with high load, the capacity of the ventilation system is inadequate. In this case, part of the crankcase gases is removed through a small tube into the intake branch, supplied from the engine cylinders for combustion. In addition, a small branch of the running and at idle when the throttle is fully closed.

The main element of the system is the valve. At full throttle, when the vacuum in the intake pipe is small, the valve is fully open under the action of a spring built into it, and blow-by gases pass freely into the air supply hose. At closed throttle (idle) in the intake pipe negative pressure increases, the flow area of the valve decreases flow of crankcase gases into the sleeve is limited and provides a stable operation of the engine at idle.

Engine cooling system is sealed, with an expansion chamber consists of a cooling jacket formed in the cylinder casting and environment in the unit, combustion chamber and the gas channels in the cylinder head. Forced circulation of coolant water provides a centrifugal pump driven by the crankshaft toothed timing belt. To maintain the normal operating temperature of the coolant in the cooling system thermostat set spanning a large range of the system when the engine is cold and low temperature coolant.

The power supply system includes a fuel tank, an electric fuel pump installed in a fuel tank, the throttling assembly, fuel fine filter, fuel pressure regulator and fuel injector, and includes an air filter.

Microprocessor Ignition System consists of the ignition coil, high-voltage wires and spark plugs. Ignition coil unit controlled by an electronic engine management system. The ignition system in operation is maintenance and adjustment.

Powertrain (engine and gearbox, clutch and main gear) is mounted on three legs with elastic rubber elements: two front (left and right), which receive the bulk of the power unit and the rear compensating torque from the transmission and the stress caused when starting the car from the scene, acceleration and braking.