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 printable version
The fuel injection system of the diesel engine. Turbocharger
Elements of the fuel injection system of the diesel engine
 | 1 - Camshaft position sensor
2 - The sensing element of the intake air temperature sensor
3 - Glow | 4 - The crankshaft position sensor
5 - gauge sender oil, diesel engine |
Functional diagram of the fuel injection control of the injector common line Common Rail (on the example of the motor 611)
 | A1 - Dashboard
A1e43 - control lamp failure of the electronic power control (EPC)
B2 / 5 - film MAF sensor
B4 / 6 - Sensor line pressure
B6 / 1 - Hall Sensor Camshaft
B11 / 4 - Coolant temperature
B17 - IAT sensor
B28 - Pressure Sensor
B37 - Pedal
CAN - Bus Data
L5 - CKP sensor
M55 - The electric motor is cut off the intake port
N2 / 7 - SRS control unit
N3 / 9 - Control CDI
N10 / 1 - Front SAM unit with fuse and relay box
N14 / 2 - The output stage preheat candles
N15 / 3 - Control ETC (AT model)
N22 - The control unit is a push button automatic air conditioning system (AAS)
N33 / 2 - Control unit heater fan
N47 - The control traction control
N73 - The control unit of the sensor, electronic ignition switch (EIS)
S40 / 3 - sensor switch clutch pedal (Manual transmission model)
Y31 / 1 - EGR vacuum transducer | Y31 / 5 - vacuum transducer boost pressure control / pressure control valve
Y74 - pressure regulating valve
Y75 - Electric shut-off valve
Y76y1-y4 - Injectors cylinder 1-4
62 - Vacuum tank
63 - Check valve
101 - EGR valve
104 - Vacuum pump
110 - Turbocharger
110/2 - Cooler air pressurization
110/10 - Vacuum boost pressure control assembly
112/1 - Filter
120/1 - oxidation catalytic converter (closer to the engine)
120/2 - Oxidation catalytic converter (underfloor) |
Location of control Common Rail injection
  | (for example, engine 611)
A1e16 - control lamp preheat
A1e43 - control lamp failure EPC
B17 - Intake air temperature (IAT)
B28 - Pressure Sensor
N14 / 2 - The output stage of the glow plug | N10 / 1 - Front SAM control unit with fuse and relay box
N3 / 9 - Control CDI
Y31 / 1 - EGR vacuum transducer
Y31 / 5 - Vacuum transducer pressure control valve / control boost pressure |
Location of control Common Rail injection
 | B37 - Pedal
S40 - Sensor switch Tempostat | S40 / 3 - Sensor-clutch switch |
Injection pump, fuel pump, fuel filter and fuel cooler (1 of 2)
 | 1 - cover off valve, 200CDI / 220CDI
2 - Cover nozzles, 270CDI
3 - valve off fuel 8 nm
4 - Intermediate piece
5 - an intermediate element holder, 9Nm
6 - pump, 14Nm | 7 - holder pipe
8 - Seal
9 - Fuel pump, 9Nm
10 - Leash
11 - Seal |
Injection pump, fuel pump, fuel filter and fuel cooler (2 of 2)
 | 1 - Fuel filter
2 - Holder
3 - fuel lines, fuel pump to the valve off
4 - holder, the fuel line to the coolant pump
5 - Fuel pipeline
6 - Hose
7 - fuel lines, fuel filter to the fuel feed pump
8 - fuel lines, fuel pump to the valve pressure control
9 - Insulated Hose Drain pipe
10 - The drain pipe
11 - ring member, the drain conduit to the fuel filter
12 - Hollow bolt, drain pipe to the fuel distribution manifold
13 - hose, fuel line to the fuel cooler
14 - Fuel cooler, 14Nm
15 - Construction of internal
16 - Heat exchanger Fuel
17 - Cover | 18 - Fuel filter with holder
19 - Hose
20 - Laying lower
21 - The body of the heat exchanger fuel
Only 2.7 l
30 - fuel lines, fuel filter to the fuel feed pump
31 - Fuel filter
32 - Pipeline
33 - Seal
34 - The filter element |
Vacuum line. 611,692 Engine
 | 1 - To the right and left pressure transducer
2 - The working vacuum, atmospheric pressure, vacuum manager
3 - hose to the turbocharger
4 - - Vacuum box to adjust the guide vanes of the turbocharger
5 - Insulated Hose
6 - Pressure transmitter, the left control valve
7 - filter left, right
8 - Protective ring | 9 - The coupling member
10 - The clamping member
11 - The holder of the exhaust gas recirculation device
12 - The holder on the longitudinal beam
13 - Connecting hose
14 - Tank
15 - Pressure transmitter, control supercharged |
The fuel system of the diesel engine is controlled by an electronic control system of the engine. It has the following advantages:
?� Self-diagnosis engine management system allows for rapid troubleshooting.
?� Exact dosing of injection quantity ensures reduction of harmful substances in exhaust gases and lower fuel consumption.
?� Regulation of idling speed and RPM limits automatically.
In operation of the diesel engine in its cylinder sucked clean air which is compressed to a high pressure. Thus the temperature rises to 700 ?� C greater than the ignition temperature of diesel fuel. Fuel is injected into the cylinder with some advancing and ignites. Thus, the spark plug for igniting the fuel is not used.
Fuel is supplied fuel feed pump pressure 3.5 bar. to the high pressure fuel pump (pump). The pump is already on low speed compression creates a constant pressure over 1300 atm.
From the pump goes total fuel distribution pipe (Common Rail) to the individual cylinders. Total backbone serves as a pressure accumulator and distributes fuel to the injectors at a constant pressure. The quantity of injected fuel is dosed with the required precision engine control unit by means of electromagnetic injectors. If the microprocessor control unit closes the motor, for example, solenoid valves, fuel injection stops. In other words, the establishment of pressure and injection occur independently. The advantage of this is that the injection can be optimized, depending on requirements and the composition of the exhaust gases, but regardless of the engine speed.
To optimize combustion multijet nozzle open in two stages. First a preliminary injection of a small amount of fuel, which creates favorable conditions for the ignition of the main fuel injection amount. As a result, this leads to a silent and combustion of the fuel mixture. At the opening of the nozzle small part of the fuel reaches the internal components of the nozzle, oiling them, and returned to the fuel tank.
Before getting into the fuel pump fuel pump and it is purified in the fuel filter from contamination and water. Therefore, it is important to make regular replacement of the filter as part of maintenance.
Fuel pump and fuel pump does not require maintenance. All moving parts are lubricated by diesel fuel pumps.
The air sucked into the engine and the turbocharger enters and passes through the air filter. The turbocharger compresses the air, which then flows into the intercooler, where it is cooled after being heated by compression in the turbocharger. Cooling facilitates better filling of the cylinder forced air, which in turn increases the torque and power of the engine.
To reduce the proportion of harmful substances in exhaust gases of diesel engines have a diesel oxidation catalytic converter. Simultaneously recirculation system provides a significant reduction in exhaust gases of nitrogen oxides. This is achieved by supplying the exhaust gas to the intake air to the engine, which reduces the concentration of oxygen in the air entering the engine cylinders. This causes the ignition delay and to lower combustion temperature, which ultimately reduces the formation of NOx. Process EGR should however be dosed accurately, since otherwise increasing soot content in the exhaust gases. For this amount of intake air is determined by the meter, an electronic device that allows you to manage the process of recycling.
Fuel injection is made directly into the combustion chamber.
The motor controlled by an electronic system, a control system similar to petrol engines. The system controls the operation of the engine, analyzing information from a large number of sensors.
Information about the position of the crankshaft and the engine speed is supplied to the control unit from the crankshaft position sensor. Inductive sensor head is located in front of the flywheel and continuously scans the special label applied to its surface. When passing by the sensor head mark it sends an impulse to the control unit. Label uniformly applied to the surface of the flywheel, but one mark is missing. It should be located 90 ?� before TDC of the first cylinder. At the time of passage of that point of the flywheel sensor does not send a pulse of the control unit. The unit recognizes this pause and specifies the time TDC. The duration of the delay is used to determine engine speed.
Information on the amount and temperature of air entering the engine is supplied from the pressure sensor in the intake manifold and the air temperature sensors. Absolute pressure sensor connected to a vacuum hose pipe and measures the pressure in it. There are two temperature sensor. One installed in front of the turbocharger, and the other - after the intercooler. Air temperature and pressure are used to calculate the exact amount of fuel required to fall towards the injectors.
The coolant temperature sensor measures the temperature and sends the information to the control unit. By analyzing this information, the control unit adjusts the composition and the injection time of the fuel mixture, and the system controls heating a cold engine.
Brake light switch and the brake pedal sensor informs the control unit about the current state of the brake pedal. Upon receipt of the signals from these sensors control system instantly translates the engine to idle until until it receives a signal from the accelerator pedal position sensor.
The accelerator cable is missing. Instead, the installation of the accelerator pedal position sensor. The sensor constantly informs the control unit of the pedal position, which, in turn, accurately calculates the injection. Idling is also regulated by the control unit and can not be adjusted manually. By analyzing the information from various sensors, the control unit calculates the idle speed adjusting them according to the engine load and temperature.
The fuel injection system is a system of direct injection. The bottoms of the pistons are vortex chambers providing swirl entering the combustion chamber.
Management is carried out by heating a cold engine ECU. When the engine is cold injection timing is shifted by the control unit. The engine control unit, in turn, controls the operation of the glow plug. Glow plugs are installed in each cylinder and included before starting the engine work during the cranking of the engine starter and for some time after the engine starts. Candles much easier to start a cold engine. After ignition on the dashboard lights up the lamp (see Chapter Operating Manual), signaling the inclusion glow. As soon as the light goes out, you can start the engine. If the ambient temperature is very low, candles continue to work for some time after the engine starts. This ensures stable operation of the motor and the reduction of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases.
Due to the high motor starting capability with direct injection of cold pre-glow is required only at temperatures below -10 ?� C.
The fuel passes through the fuel filter. The fuel filter is separated from water and dirt. Therefore, it is important to remove the water from the fuel and produce timely replacement of the filter element.
Operation in winter
By reducing the outdoor temperature decreases the fluidity of diesel fuel due to the loss of wax. Diesel fuel in its fluidity becomes like honey and can clog the filter. For this reason, in winter diesel fuel additives may be introduced, a flow of fuel and providing the ability to start the engine at an ambient temperature to - 22 ?� C.
To avoid clogging of the fuel filter at low outside temperatures, the fuel is sent to the heat exchanger.
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