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The convergence, cross-toe in, toe in back
The corners of the front axle 1. The collapse
2. Cross-toe in | 3. Caster ago |
Under the convergence refers to the lateral distance of the wheels from each other. Convergence means that the wheels on the front adjustment midpoint located closer to each other than behind. A negative convergence means that the front-wheel situated slightly further apart than the rear. For VW T4 set a positive convergence.
The collapse of the slope and a cross pin reduces transmission shock from uneven road surface on the steering and enable less friction in overcoming turns.
Camber is the angle and the angle of deviation from the vertical plane of the wheel. Thus, the front wheels are obliquely. If a positive collapse, for example, at the point of contact with the support surface of the wheels are closer together than at the top. VW T4 has a positive camber.
Toe and camber at VW T4 vary depending on the load.
Transverse inclination is the angle of pivot between the rotational axis b knuckle and the vertical at the point of wheel contact with the support surface, relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
Due to the collapse of the corner and the angle of inclination of the transverse pin, the point of contact of the wheels with the road close to the axis of the steering knuckle. This is achieved by a small so-called shoulder running. The smaller kingpin offset, the easier course of steering. Even hit the pavement act on the steering leverage is much smaller.
Caster - is the angle between the rotary axis of the knuckle and a vertical slope at the wheel with the bearing surface relative to the transverse axis of the machine.
Caster greatly affects the output of the front wheels on the line. Too little toe in provides insufficient return of the steering wheel in the middle position after overcoming turns or contributes to its deviation from the straight direction on flat roads. Test conditions:
- The prescribed tire pressure;
- Flat, horizontal surface during measurements;
- Vehicle unladen not loaded with spare wheel, jack machine and a full tank;
- The machine thoroughly sprung;
- Steering adjusted;
- The absence of unacceptable gaps in the system of levers steering;
- The absence of unacceptable gaps in the wheel suspension.
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