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Catalytic converter
The catalytic converter has a central part of a ceramic honeycomb -3- coated carrier layer. On the carrier layer are noble metal salts which act as transducers. The catalytic converter is fixed in the housing -1- through the insulating support layer -2, while compensating the thermal expansion of the catalytic converter.
Gasoline engines
To reduce the catalytic converter by emissions, fuel injection system must accurately metered quantity of injected fuel necessary for combustion. The oxygen sensor is located at the reception pipe upstream of the catalytic converter and is washed by the flow of exhaust gases. The oxygen sensor is an electronic sensor measures the oxygen content of the exhaust gases and representing it as voltage fluctuations. Information from the oxygen sensor is transmitted to the control unit of the injection. The resulting value allows you to adjust the composition of the air-gasoline mixture. On the one hand it is necessary, as always changing operating conditions (idling, the throttle), on the other hand, since the optimum reburning fuel in the catalytic converter occurs only in this case, if the exhaust gas contains a sufficient amount of fuel.
To occur in the catalytic converter reburning fuel, must have a temperature of 300 - 800 ?� C. This requires more fuel content in the mixture than in pure combustion.
The catalytic converter petrol engine is a so-called tr?�hfunktsionalnoe device. In the regulated conversion process is carried out the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) and the reduction in concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Security measures in order to avoid damage to the catalytic converter
To avoid damaging the oxygen sensor and catalytic converter is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:
Gasoline engines
?� Be sure to use only unleaded gasoline.
?� Starting a warm gasoline engine pushed or towed are only permitted in one attempt and at a distance of no more than 50 m. It is best used for this purpose starter cord. Unburned fuel at ignition can lead to overheating of the catalytic converter and its destruction.
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?� If you experience problems with starting the engine should not be too long to include a starter. This produces a constant injection. It is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of the fault.
?� If there is a fault with the ignition system, the determination of their nature is necessary to exclude the fuel injection when the starter. To do this, turn off the fuel pump relay.
?� Do not use the fuel in the fuel tank completely.
?� In the event of disruptions in the ignition do not raise the engine speed and immediate repair.
?� Use only the recommended spark plugs.
?� Do not carry out checks spark plug connector disconnected spark plug.
?� Not be conducted test operation of the cylinder by turning off the ignition wires from his candle. In this unburned fuel enters the catalytic converter.
Petrol and diesel engines
?� Do not park the car over dry leaves or grass. Exhaust system in the area of the catalytic converter is very hot and radiates heat even after stopping the engine.
?� Do not apply to the elements of the exhaust system means to protect the bottom of the car.
?� Do not modify the design of heat shields.
?� When filling the motor oil especially pay attention to the fact that in any case not to exceed the level indicated on the index as the Max. Excess oil due to incomplete combustion enters the catalytic converter, and may damage the coating of the doped metal or completely destroy the catalytic converter.
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