Working conditions and tools

To perform the repair work must be clean and well-lit work area, equipped with workbench and vise and adapted for fast, high-quality repair.

In addition, you will need a full set of tools. High-quality tool will last longer and will meet all the costs for its purchase. The basis set is a set of open-end wrench, which can be used in any well-accessible vehicle. It is desirable to have a set and box wrench: they can be used to loosen and become attached rusty nuts and bolts, fasteners in confined spaces. For reasons of economy, you can buy a set of combined Rozhkovo-box wrench, whose open end on one side, and on the other ring spanner of the same size. These keys are shown in Fig. 3.

For repair, you can use a set of mechanical heads. If the outer diameter of end heads are not very large, they can be used to loosen the bolts and nuts that are recessed.

It is also an essential tool Phillips screwdriver, pliers and a hammer. Recently, in the automotive industry more and more bolts and screws are used with so-called Torx-head (shown at the bottom of Fig. 4). To loosen the fastener heads are used with such special socket heads of various sizes similar to the standard hexagonal socket heads.

In addition to the main set of tools can also buy a special tool, which is often invaluable, especially in cases where repairs have to deal with quite frequently. As an example of such a tool can be called a pulse wrench, without which it is impossible to turn away almost without damage greatly tightened the bolts and screws with a cross-shaped heads. Naturally, it can also be used for tightening fasteners such. Quite often there is a need for special tongs for removing the elastic retaining rings, which are used for fixing the pinion gear, shaft and other parts of the car and which are very difficult to remove using only one screwdriver. There are two types of forceps to remove the elastic retaining rings: for a release and removal of the external retaining rings (Fig. 5, top) and for compressing and removing internal retaining rings. These tongs there with straight and curved jaws at a certain angle. One of the most useful tools is a torque wrench, which can be adjusted in a way that starts to slip after reaching the set torque of a bolt or nut. On these keys sometimes set a dial gauge achieved tightening torque.

Torque wrench shown in Fig. 6.

It is necessary to mention the azimuth drive (see. Fig. 4). Some degree of tightening fasteners is specified in degrees of rotation of the key. To obtain an exact angle best suited azimuth drive.

Unfortunately, the performance of some specific work is impossible without the proper special tools. In such cases, you must be very careful: some of the work must be performed by a specialist.

Even if in this manual for repair and shows how, without special tools can dismantle and assemble separate parts of the vehicle (the cases where the use of a special tool is not required), still need to consider buying a special tool. In Fig. 6 shows the most frequently used main and auxiliary tools to aid which accounts from time to time resort.

However, with the help offered by improvised methods and tools can be without fear of damage to remove and install the various parts of the car.

Before proceeding with any operation, be sure to carefully consider the following instructions in order to avoid various kinds of damage:

- In any case should not rely on the car jack. Always substitute extra special support. Even the two-wheel drive, shot and set on each other, can serve as additional support if they are placed under the car near the site of repair work. If the vehicle slips off the jack, then it falls to the substituted under his wheels;

- There should be no final tightening of wheel nuts on a raised vehicle;

- Do not open the radiator cap when the engine is hot. If this is unavoidable, use a thick cloth, laid around the plug and turning the cap to the first lock, give a couple of exit;

- Avoid contact with brake fluid and antifreeze in the paint and varnish. The remaining spots appear very difficult, and sometimes do not appear;

- In any case, do not inhale dust from the brakes. Although the material of brake pads and linings do not contain asbestos, though it is harmful to health. If you use compressed air to blow brake, then turn away from the places of blown dust. On STO or trade organizations selling accessories, can handle the presence of aerosols used to cover the parts of brake mechanism to prevent dust;

- When working on the car in any case can not work in a tie, a shirt with long sleeves, in any flowing robes. Long hair needs to pick up before proceeding. Rings on the fingers, bracelets and watches are also better take off - they are good conductors in contact with the electric components;

- In any case not to smoke near a car. For this reason, detach the battery is carried out if the fuel lines are disconnected. Short circuits caused by metal objects can cause sparks. For safety reasons, always keep a fire extinguisher at the ready;

- Avoid working poor tool that can cause injuries and damage the nuts, bolts, etc.