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Exhaust systems and reduce emissions

The exhaust system consists of a gasoline engine exhaust manifold, front exhaust pipe, catalytic converter (MDL), the central silencer, connecting pipes, additional muffler and exhaust pipe (s). Exhaust 6-cylinder engine in the area between the exhaust manifold and the central muffler has a double-beam design. Diesel engines are also equipped with two catalytic converters, the first of which is located close to the engine.

As part of the refurbishment of each section can be replaced individually.

Emission of exhaust gases

Petrol models

The power systems of all petrol models to be used only unleaded gasoline. The engine management system operates in such a way to get the most out of the engine with minimum fuel consumption and emissions. EVAP system prevents them from the fuel tank into the atmosphere. Installed exhaust gas recirculation.

Crankcase ventilation (PCV)

To eliminate leakage of unburned hydrocarbons into the atmosphere the engine completely sealed. Gases and oil vapors generated in said housing through a strainer enter the intake manifold and burned in the cylinders with the fuel.

Gases are removed from the housing by the pressure difference in the intake manifold and the crankcase (crankcase pressure above).

Reducing emissions

To reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere on all petrol models in the exhaust system is integrated three-functional catalytic converter. The control system has a fuel injection feedback, which includes the oxygen sensor. This sensor is installed in the exhaust system, continuously informs the control unit of the composition of the exhaust gases. Depending on the data obtained, the control unit adjusts the quality of the mixture supplied to the combustion chamber and thus optimizes combustion.

The lambda sensor built-in heating element including a control unit through a special relay. The working surface of the lambda probe is sensitive to changes in the oxygen content in gases. Depending on the oxygen concentration, the sensor sends signals to different voltages. If the mixture pereobogaschena - the oxygen content in the exhaust gases is very low, the sensor transmits signals with low voltage. Tension increases as the lean and increasing the oxygen content in gases. The most efficient converter operates at an optimum air-fuel ratio (14.7 parts air to 1 part of fuel). At the optimal concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases is a jump in the voltage on the sensor. This jump is a reference point for the control unit to adjust the quality of the mixture.

Established two sensors - one in front and the second - after the assembly of the catalytic converter. This provides a more accurate tracking of the composition of exhaust gases.

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), - models equipped with engines of the series 112 and 113

Exhaust gas recirculation reduces the amount of NOX exhaust. To do this, a small part of the exhaust gas is supplied to the intake manifold through a special valve. EGR valve is controlled by the control unit.

EVAP System (EVAP)

To reduce the emission of unburned hydrocarbons on all petrol models established a system for collecting fuel. Petrol fuel filler cap is sealed, under the fuel tank installed carbon adsorber. It collected fuel vapors generated in the tank during vehicle is parked and stored there as long as the alarm control unit starts scavenging filter. Then the fuel vapor beginning to be fed through the valve (s) during the purge inlet conduit, where they are mixed with the working mixture and further combusted in a conventional manner in the combustion chambers.

To ensure the normal operation of the engine at idle and during the warm-up control unit keeps the valve closed. This prevents unburned fuel from entering into the inverter (at high idle mixture pereobogaschena). After warming up the engine valve starts to open and close, feeding fuel vapor into the intake tract.

Diesel models

The engine management system operates in such a way to get the most out of the engine with minimum fuel consumption and emissions. To further reduce the toxicity of gas on the car set several additional systems. Crankcase ventilation system reduces the leakage of gases into the atmosphere from the engine lubrication system. The catalytic converter reduces exhaust emissions. Installed exhaust gas recirculation.

The system of constant crankcase ventilation (PCV)

To eliminate leakage of unburned hydrocarbons into the atmosphere the engine completely sealed. Gases and oil vapor generated in the crankcase are passed through a strainer, directed into the intake manifold and burned in the cylinders during normal operation of the engine

Withdrawal of crankcase gases at the expense of a difference of pressure in the crankcase and the intake manifold.

Catalytic converter

To reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere on all diesel models in the exhaust system is integrated catalytic converter. It neutralizes most of the gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO) and other toxic contaminants contained in combustion air-fuel mixture.

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

All diesel models are also installed exhaust gas recirculation, whose main task is to reduce the percentage in combustion engine nitrogen oxides (NOX). In order to accomplish the task a small portion of the exhaust gas path of the exhaust system is routed through a special valve inlet pipe. The functioning of the EGR valve is controlled by the control unit.